Andropause refers to age-related changes in male hormone levels, especially declining testosterone, that can cause sexual, physical, and emotional symptoms in midlife and beyond. It is often called 'male menopause', but differs because it develops gradually and not all men are affected.
Table of Contents
- What is andropause?
- Symptoms
- Causes and risk factors
- Diagnosis
- Treatment options
- Management and lifestyle
- When to seek help
What is andropause? Andropause is a nonmedical term used to describe late onset hypogonadism, a condition of clinically low testosterone combined with symptoms. Testosterone typically declines slowly after age 30, about 1% per year on average.
Symptoms Sexual: reduced libido, fewer spontaneous erections, erectile dysfunction, lower sexual satisfaction Physical: low energy, loss of muscle mass, increased body fat, reduced bone density Emotional/cognitive: low mood, irritability, reduced motivation, concentration problems
Causes and risk factors Age-related decline in testicular hormone production and changes in hypothalamic-pituitary signaling. Health factors such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, chronic illness, and certain medications can worsen testosterone levels.
Diagnosis Diagnosis requires both symptoms and confirmed low morning testosterone on at least two tests. A clinician will also evaluate thyroid function, prolactin, blood glucose, lipids, and sleep quality.
Treatment options Testosterone replacement therapy may benefit symptomatic men with confirmed deficiency; options include gels, injections, patches, and pellets. TRT carries risks and requires monitoring of blood counts, prostate health, and symptoms. Nonhormonal approaches include weight loss, resistance exercise, sleep improvement, and managing comorbid conditions.
Management and lifestyle Regular strength training, adequate protein, maintaining healthy weight, vitamin D and zinc as needed, and prioritizing sleep and stress reduction can improve symptoms and sometimes raise natural testosterone.
When to seek help See a healthcare provider for persistent erectile dysfunction, severe fatigue, depressive symptoms, loss of muscle and strength, or decreased sexual desire that affects quality of life. Evaluation can rule out other causes and identify appropriate treatment.
Disclaimer This content is educational and not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for individualized diagnosis and treatment.
